Education

Young people are more vulnerable to corruption, particularly within the education sector, leading to outcomes like unemployment, emigration and political alienation.

Cronyism, patronage and opacity, particularly within the military and police, undermine the stability and development in Egypt.

Secondary education in Ukraine faces risks of bribery, misappropriation, and favouritism. However, there has been progress in risk management amid the challenges posed by the Russian invasion.

Uzbekistan's shift to an open-market economy under the current government faces challenges, with persistent authoritarianism, widespread corruption, limited civic space, and arrests of activists and journalists on questionable charges, hindering transparency and democracy reforms.

The rapid rise of Mozambican universities in the past two decades has led to an increase in corruption risks, including political manipulation and mismanagement of funds. Within the universities, bribery, academic fraud and sextortion are being reported.