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Governments and donors need to be alert to the role of professional enablers in facilitating economic crime during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Find out how corruption materialised during Covid-19, what drove it and how it impacted people. Also highlighted are anti-corruption strategies deployed and lessons learned for use in other health emergencies.

North Macedonia faces important governance challenges. State capture, corruption in the judiciary and an ineffective public administration are among the key obstacles to a successful democratic and economic transformation.

Despite targeted sanctions against corruption suspects, their effectiveness is undermined by financial secrecy and other circumvention tactics.

With a huge influx of cashflows and medical supply shortages, humanitarian emergencies create fertile ground for corruption.

Professional enablers not only launder dirty money, but they also make it harder for law enforcement officials to identify them and recover stolen assets.

Corruption persists in Kazakhstan across sectors, but ongoing anti-corruption reforms since 2019 address issues such as public financial management vulnerabilities, with civil society and independent media actively monitoring corruption risks.

There are a number of tools that can be applied to support anti-corruption in decentralisation and devolution processes. These include mechanisms that seek to create institutional change from above as well as interventions that contribute to accountable governance from below.

Despite performing better than regional peers in anti-corruption, Senegal still grapples with corruption in public finance and procurement due to bribery risks, limited budget transparency, and legislative gaps.