This 2024 study by QBIS examines the economic and social costs of corruption in the maritime sector, using Nigeria as a case study. Drawing on industry data and supply chain analysis, it estimates both direct payments and less visible indirect costs, such as delays and higher logistics risks. The findings show how these costs affect businesses, public revenue, employment, and household affordability, while also outlining the potential gains from sustained, coordinated integrity efforts.

Summary (pdf) | Full report (pdf)

Main points

• Maritime corruption adds significant costs to trade, increasing total transport and logistics costs for food and bulk imports by around 15%, with knock-on effects for consumers and economic activity.
  
• Indirect costs, including delays, demurrage, and the need for higher safety stocks, account for a substantial share of the overall burden and are often underestimated by businesses and policymakers.
  
• In a business-as-usual scenario, corruption contributes to lower GDP, reduced customs revenue, and fewer jobs, with the greatest impact felt by low-income households through higher prices for essential goods.
  
• A zero-tolerance scenario shows that coordinated action by companies and public authorities can substantially reduce costs, increase GDP and public revenue, and support job creation across the supply chain.
  
• Evidence from Nigeria indicates that collective initiatives and improved case handling can reduce resolution times for corruption incidents and strengthen trust between the public and private sectors.