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Most of Commonwealth Caribbean countries have established legal and institutional anti-corruption frameworks of a global standard but perform below what can be expected in terms of actually getting to grips with corruption issues.

In these Caribbean countries, corruption fuels drug or human trafficking and money laundering. Although, legal frameworks and international cooperation against them are improving.

Government pandemic response plans and policies need to involve anti-corruption agencies from the start, as well as identifying and assessing corruption risks.

Poverty is affected by corruption at different levels: the possession and access to resources; the available opportunities and capacity to choose; the possibility to articulate concerns; being heard and participating in decision making; and the insurance of human safety

Grand corruption poses a serious threat to international efforts to tackle climate change. The dominant forms of grand corruption in energy transition policies are unequal access to lobbying, institutionalised grand corruption and the transnational component of grand corruption.