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Organised criminal groups use corruption and physical threat to enable their profit-making activities. Customs administrations are best placed to take internally orientated measures to prevent and respond to these threats.

Reward and sanction schemes for public officials should also consider non-material factors like moral and social influences, with organisational elements such as ethical leadership and participant involvement enhancing their effectiveness.

Los grupos criminales organizados utilizan la corrupción y las amenazas a la integridad física contra funcionarios de aduanas para facilitar sus actividades.

Les groupes criminels organisés recourent à la corruption et aux menaces physiques pour faciliter la réalisation de leurs profits, les variables contextuelles influençant leur choix. Ces deux tactiques présentent des risques pour l'intégrité des douanes, et des mesures internes, telles que des mécanismes de dénonciation et une formation à l'intégrité, peuvent contribuer à prévenir et à traiter ces menaces.

There is no “one size fits all” system that would cater to the existing range of multilaterals with differing institutional, strategic and operational realities. There are, however, key functions that should be a feature of each multilateral organisation’s integrity framework.

Countries placed on the FATF grey list face economic and reputational repercussions and, although no official sanctions follow, the risk of potential blacklisting exists. However, grey listed countries often demonstrate political commitment to improve and exit the list within five years.

Concerns arise in the literature about the transparency and actual influence of LMICs in FATF standard-setting process for AML/CFT, suggesting that the agenda might still be driven by higher-income jurisdictions.

The "green land rush" amid climate change and population growth, required for global climate pledges, poses corruption risks such as political interference, bribery, and fraud, especially impacting marginalized groups. Concerns include exacerbating inequalities for rural communities and Indigenous Peoples.

The rapid rise of Mozambican universities in the past two decades has led to an increase in corruption risks, including political manipulation and mismanagement of funds. Within the universities, bribery, academic fraud and sextortion are being reported.