The experience of setting up Anti-Corruption Agencies (ACAs) has yielded mixed results in the past and is not a general panacea. However, although there is no concrete evidence that local ACAs are more effective than national ACAs, the examples of the independent anti-corruption commissions set up in Miami and New South Wales demonstrate promising signs of success. Whether national or local, the effectiveness of ACAs are influenced by a variety of factors including the domestic demand, the independence of the ACA from the executive, a supportive legal framework, enforcement capabilities, appropriate staffing and resources as well as accompanying training and awareness raising activities.