Public assets illegally obtained from developing countries are often hidden in banks located in the financial centres of developed countries. Global Financial Integrity estimates losses in developing countries between USD 723 billion and USD 844 billion per year in 2009. As a key financial centre in the world, it is likely that Germany provides a stable investment environment for corrupt elites from developing countries who are intent on layering and integrating criminal proceeds.
Corruption and illicit financial flows: The limits and possibilities of current approaches
Illicit financial flows and measures to counter them: An introduction
Implementing the illicit financial flows agenda: Perspectives from developing countries
Extractive sectors and illicit financial flows: What role for revenue governance initiatives?